Stage 1: Simple beginnings 論僇 1: 潠等羲宎

Unit 1: The Alphabet and Parts of Speech

字母和词类

The Alphabet

字母表

English uses 26 letters in its alphabet, and these may be written in both large and small letters.

英语使用26字母在它的字母,并且这些可以被把大和写入小字母.

As large letters

作为大信件

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

As small letters

作为小字母

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Vowels and Consonants

元音和辅音

These letters are of two types, called vowels and consonants

这些字母是的二类型,称元音和辅音

The vowels in English are:

元音用英语是

a e i o u

(in either small or large letters).

在或者小或者大字母

The rest are the consonants.

其余者是辅音.

All words have a vowel.

所有字有元音.

Sometimes there is only the vowel without any consonants, like in the word, I.

有时有仅仅元音在外面任何辅音,喜欢在字,我.词类.

Parts of Speech

词性

Words may be : Things (called nouns), qualities (adjectives) and structure words.

字可以是:东西(称名词),质量(形容词)并且结构字.

Nouns

名词

Nouns are things that we see around us or that come into our minds as ideas.

1.名词是"东西"那我们在附近看我们或那进入我们的头脑作为主意.

We see many different sorts of things in everyday life.

我们看许多不同种 "东西"在日常生活.

If we know their names, we can make ourselves clear for a very great part of the time.

如果我们知道他们的名,我们能制作我们自己清除为很大部分当今的.

Pronouns

代词

There are also words that stand for those things.

还有字那代表那些 "东西".

They are called pronouns.

他们被称为代名词.

Qualities or Adjectives

质量或形容词

Qualities or adjectives describe the things.

质量或形容词描述 "东西".

There are a number of words that build groups of words (sentences) with the nouns and their adjectives.

有许多字那建造字的组(句子)和名词和他们的形容词.

Without them we would have to point with our fingers or grunt in order to do the same job.

没有他们我们将不得不削尖我们的手指或作呼噜声为了做相同工作.

Structure Words

结构字

The words that go with the nouns and their adjectives are grouped together as "structure words".

字那一起去和名词和他们的形容词一起被组作为 "结构字".

At first there will be "structure words" and simple rules, with nouns and adjectives later on.

起初那里将是"结构字"并且简单规则,和名词和形容词以.

Verbs

动词

An important type of "structure word" in English is given the name of "verbs".

重要的类型的"结构字"用英语被给名字的"动词".

Only sixteen simple verbs and two helpers are needed for a large number of English verbs.

仅仅十六简单动词和二帮忙者被需要大量英语动词.

The 10 most frequent words in English are

10最频繁的字用英语是

the
“一特殊一个”
to
that
I
of
“属于对”
a
“任何一个”
it
and
并且
in
is

They make up a fourth part of all reading.

他们做成第四部分的所有读.

Of course, being so common, they will need no special examples for they will be seen many times here.

当然,是如此普通,他们将不必特殊例子为他们将被看见许多次这里.

Nouns

名词

One thing has the name - singular

一东西有名字: 单一的

more than one thing - plural

超过一: 复数

The only way the names of things change is from singular to plural.

仅仅方法东西的名改变来自单一的到复数.

The plural is formed by adding 's'.

复数被形成由加 's'.

Pronouns

代名词

There are not many personal pronouns.

没有许多个人的代名词.

They take a different form to show whether they are singular or plural.

他们拿不同形式给看是否他们单一的或复数.

It is only necessary to show person (gender) in the third person pronouns.

它进行必需给看人 (性)在第三人代名词.

They are: (to be made clear later)

他们是 (被阐明稍后)

Pronoun Table

代词表

person - case - gender
人- 案件- 性别
subject
主题
object
对象
owner
所有者
1st person - single
第一个人- 单一代词
I
me
my
我的
1st person - plural
第一个人- 复数代词
we
我们
us
我们
our
我们的
2nd person - single
第二人称- 唯一代词
you
you
your
你的
2nd person - plural
第二人称- 复数代词
you
you
your
你的
3rd person - single - masculine
第三人称- 单一男性代词
he
him
his
他的
3rd person - single - feminine
第三人称- 单一女性代词
she
her
her
她的
3rd person - single - neuter
第三人称- 单一中性代词
it
it
its
它的
3rd person - plural
第三人称- 复数代词
they
他们
them
他们
their
他们的
I
I am very sad for you.
我是非常悲哀的为你.
my
我的
in my body
在我的体
we
我们
we are
我们是
he
he got ten of the men
他获得十的男人
him
crying out to him by name
大声呼喊他按名称
she
she went out of the place
她从出去放置
her
Only her two sons were with her
仅仅她二子弟是和她
you
you went away from your father and mother
你走开从你的父亲和母亲
his
他的
said to his servant
说到他的仆人
it
it is a girl
它是女孩
they
他们
they came in
他们进来
them
他们
go after them
追求他们他们
their
们的
as their wives
当他们的娶妻

Adjectives

形容词

Adjectives come just before a noun (1) or after parts of the verb 'to be'.

在名词前形容词仅仅来 (1)或后于动词的部分 '是'.

young
(1)年轻
young women
年轻女人
strange
奇怪的
a strange people
奇怪的人
kind
亲切的
kind words
亲切的字
near
接近
near relations
接近关系
sweet
糖果
sweet oil
橄榄油
responsible
应负责任的
responsible men
应负责任的男人
good
(2)好
the Lord be good
是勋爵好
old
旧的
I am so old
我如此旧的
strange
奇怪的
who are strange
谁是奇怪的
sad
悲哀的
I am sad
我悲哀的
glad
喜欢的
his heart was glad
他的心喜欢的
great
伟大的
may you be great
可以你伟大的

(be, am, are, was) are parts of the verb to be and will come later.

(是,是,是,是)是动词的部分被和将来稍后.

Give special attention to: "A" and "The"

把特殊注意: "A" 和"The"

"A" and "The"

"a" 和"the"

"a" and "the" are hard words to use.

"a" 和"the" 是坚硬词使用.

They give the relation to a group of things.

他们给关系一群东西.

"A" refers to any one of the group.

引用任何组之一 .

It is used with a singular noun.

它是使用和单一的 noun.

a man = any one man.

一个人 = 在字前任何

"A" becomes "an" before a word starting with a vowel.

一人变成开始和元音.

"The" is more exact.

是更多精确.

It has special relation to that one in the group who seems important to you.

它有特殊关系到那个在组似乎重要的你.

"This" and "That"

这和那

"This" and "That" are words which make something special.

各种事情是字哪一个制作东西特殊.

They do so more strongly than "the".

他们做如此比更坚强地 .

"This" points to something near to the one talking.

这磅东西靠近一多嘴的.

"That" points to a thing further away.

那磅东西更远离开.

(The pointing need not be an actual action).

(弄尖不需要是实际操作).

singular
非凡
plural
复数
this
these
这些
that
those
那些
this
this is the way
这是方法
that
in that place
在那放置

Structure words

结构字

Verbs

动词

An important class of structure words is verbs.

结构的重要的班字是动词.

They are "doing" words.

他们是 "做"字.

They make connection between the "things" which do the action and the "things" which have a relation to them.

他们制作连接位于"东西"哪一个操作和"东西"哪一个有关系他们.

Verbs have some different forms.

动词有一些不同窗体.

You get a sense of these differences through hearing them.

你接通这些差别的感觉听觉他们.

So we will not give them special attention now.

如此我们不会给他们特殊注意现在.

Pictured Words

图片字

Some things may be seen by eye.

一些东西可以被看见由眼睛.

They are called "pictured" words.

他们被称为 "图片"字.

They are easier to learn than are words which come to us as ideas and thoughts.

他们更易学习比被字哪一个来我们作为主意和认为.

These four things are examples of picture words:

这些四东西是例子的图片字:

eye
眼睛
house
房子
face
woman
妇女

In these units, 200 of the 600 names of things are picture words.

在这些单元, 200 的东西的 600 名是图片字.

Simple sentence

简单的句子

An example of parts of speech may be given with the picture noun, "house":

词类的例子可以被给和图片名词,房子:

If we say, "small house", we have put an adjective with the picture noun.

如果我们说,小房子,我们已放形容词和图片名词.

If we say "a small house", we are adding, a.

如果我们说小房子,我们在加,.

when we say, "see a small house", we have added the verb, see.

我们说当 ,看见小房子,我们已加动词,看见.

When we say, "I see a small house", we are using the pronoun, I, as well.

我们说当,明白了小房子,我们在应用代名词,我,也.

From the picture word, "house", we then have formed the simple sentence:

从图片字,房子,我们然后已形成简单句:

I see a small house.

明白了小房子.

New Words

新字

Nouns

名词

earth
地球
he
it
they
他们
eye
眼睛
house
房子
seat
座位
woman
妇女
face
I
she
you

Pronouns or Adjectives

代名词或形容词

this
that

Structure Words

结构字

a
be
is
on
and
并且
in
of
to